comparison of spermatozoa quality in male smokers and nonsmokers of iranian infertile couples

Comparison of Spermatozoa Quality in Male Smokers and Nonsmokers of Iranian Infertile Couples

Comparison of Spermatozoa Quality in Male Smokers and Nonsmokers of Iranian Infertile Couples

BACKGROUND Smoking has a negative effect on fertility and sperm quality. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of smoking on sperm quality and the related parameters such as sperm concentration, morphology and motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 infertile men with at least one year history of idiopathic infertility, who admitted to the Avi...

assessment of deep word knowledge in elementary and advanced iranian efl learners: a comparison of selective and productive wat tasks

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

a comparison of linguistic and pragmatic knowledge: a case of iranian learners of english

در این تحقیق دانش زبانشناسی و کاربردشناسی زبان آموزان ایرانی در سطح بالای متوسط مقایسه شد. 50 دانش آموز با سابقه آموزشی مشابه از شش آموزشگاه زبان مختلف در دو آزمون دانش زبانشناسی و آزمون دانش گفتار شناسی زبان انگلیسی شرکت کردند که سوالات هر دو تست توسط محقق تهیه شده بود. همچنین در این تحقیق کارایی کتابهای آموزشی زبان در فراهم آوردن درون داد کافی برای زبان آموزان ایرانی به عنوان هدف جانبی تحقیق ...

on the relationship between using discourse markers and the quality of expository and argumentative academic writing of iranian english majors

the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and the type of discourse markers used in the argumentative and expository writings of iranian efl learners and the differences between these text features in the two essay genres. the study also aimed at examining the influence of the use of discourse markers on the participants’ writing quality. to this end the discourse markers us...

An electron microscope study of the axonemal ultrastructure in human spermatozoa from male smokers and nonsmokers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate possible abnormalities or deterioration of the sperm axonemal ultrastructure in men who have smoked a large quantity of cigarettes (> 20 per day) for a prolonged period. DESIGN Semen specimens were collected by patients via masturbation; qualitative characteristics of the sperm were assessed and ultrastructural analysis of the sperm axoneme was performed using standar...